Journal of Musculoskeletal Trauma

Demographic and Radiographic Parameters as Predictors of Reduction Loss after Conservative Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures in Adults: Kyu Jin Kim, Dae Won Shin, Seong Kee Shin; J Korean Fract Soc 2023;36(2):45-51. Published online April 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2023.36.2.45

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study examined the demographic and radiological risk factors for later reduction loss of distal radius fractures treated conservatively. Materials and Methods This study enrolled patients treated for distal radius fractures between January 2017 and December 2019. Seventy-eight patients were included in the analysis and divided into two groups. The patients who showed minimal reduction loss within an acceptable radiologic angle after initial manual reduction were classified as Group A. The patients who showed reduction loss out of an acceptable radiologic angle and finally malunited or converted to surgical treatments were classified as Group B. The patient’s age and bone marrow density were used as demographic data. The initial X-ray images were evaluated to determine the fracture type. Various radiological parameters were measured. Results The 78-patient study cohort consisted of nine men and 69 women with a mean age of 67 years. Forty-eight cases were sorted into Group A, and 30 cases into Group B. On logistic regression analysis, the age of 80 or older was a risk factor for later fracture displacement among the demographic factors (p=0.037, odds ratio=4.937). Among the radiographic factors, the presence of distal ulnar fracture and dorsal cortical comminution were disclosed as risk factors of later displacement (p=0.049, 0.003, odds ratio=3.429, 7.196). Conclusion When conservative management for distal radius fracture is decided in patients more than 80 years of age or accompanied by a distal ulnar fracture or with dorsal cortical comminution, the possibility of later displacement of the distal radius should be considered.

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Radiologic Analysis of Distal Radius Fracture Accompanying Spontaneous Extensor Pollicis Longus Rupture: Jun Ku Lee, In Tae Hong, Young Woo Kwon, Gyu Chol Jang, Soo Hong Han; J Korean Fract Soc 2017;30(2):63-68. Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2017.30.2.63

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The spontaneous extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon rupture is a well-documented complication of non-displaced or minimally displaced distal radius fracture. Authors analyzed the radiographs of patients treated for closed EPL rupture after distal radius fracture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-eight patients (21 females, 7 males; average age of 58 years) with tendon transfer for spontaneous rupture of EPL after distal radius fracture were included. Wrist radiographs were taken at the first visit with EPL rupture. On the lateral view, posterior cortical displacement, distance from highest point in Lister's tubercle to fracture line, and height of the Lister's tubercle were measured. The distance from the lunate facet to the fracture line was measured on anteroposterior view. Radiologic change at the time of EPL rupture around the Lister's tubercle was evaluated by comparing it with the contra lateral wrist radiograph. Radial beak fracture pattern was also identified.
RESULTS
The interval between the injury and the spontaneous EPL rupture varied from 2 to 20 weeks, with an average of 6.7 weeks. There were 25 cases of non-displacement, 3 cases of mean 2.0 mm cortical displacement. The average distance from the lunate facet to the fracture line was 9.1 mm (3-12.1 mm), from the highest point in Lister's tubercle to the fracture line was 3.0 mm toward proximal radius (1.7-4.9 mm). The average height of the Lister's tubercle was 3.4 mm in the injured wrist and 3.1 mm in the opposite wrist. Radial beak fracture pattern was shown at 11 cases.
CONCLUSION
All cases presented no or minimal displaced fracture, and the fracture line was in the vicinity of the Lister's tubercle. Those kinds of fractures can highlight the possibility of spontaneous EPL rupture, depites its rarity.

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Clinical Results of Various Surgical Techniques for Isolated Fracture of Greater Tuberosity of Humerus: Nam Su Cho, Seong Cheol Moon, Yong Girl Rhee; J Korean Fract Soc 2013;26(2):133-139. Published online April 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2013.26.2.133

PURPOSE
To compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of various surgical techniques for an isolated fracture of greater tuberosity of the humerus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From February 2001 to December 2008, 31 patients, who underwent an operation for isolated greater tuberosity fracture and were followed up for more than 1 year, were enrolled in this study. The mean age at the time of operation was 49.3 years (range, 23-73 years). The operation methods included in this study were as follows: a transosseous suture using nonabsorbable suture material (16 cases), a fixation by cannulated screws (10 cases), tension band wiring (2 cases), bony fragment excision with rotator cuff repair (2 cases), and percutaneous pinning (1 case).
RESULTS
At the last follow-up, the average Constant score was 79.4 and Korean Shoulder Score (KSS) was 81.2. Among the various operation methods used in this study, the transosseous suture had the highest scores with 82.5 in Constant score and 89.3 in KSS. Bone union was achieved at average 10.3 weeks (range, 7-15 weeks), and there were 2 cases in which the reoperation was required due to internal fixation failure. Postoperative shoulder stiffness occurred in 3 cases, and all the cases were done with the deltopectoral approach.
CONCLUSION
Clinically and radiologically satisfactory results were obtained using various operation techniques for an isolated greater tuberosity fracture of the humerus. The transosseous suture showed relatively better results than the other methods used in this study. To achieve favorable clinical and radiologic results, it is important to select an appropriate surgical approach and fixation method according to the fracture site, degree of displacement, and size of fragment.

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Biomechanical comparisons of hook plate and screw fixations in split-type greater tuberosity fractures of the humerus
Fa-Chuan Kuan, Kai-Lan Hsu, Chih-Kai Hong, Yueh Chen, Chen-Hao Chiang, Hao-Ming Chang, Wei-Ren Su
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery.2022; 31(6): 1308. CrossRef

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Radiologic Analysis and Treatment of Posterior Malleolar Fractures of the Ankle: Jae Sung Lee, Soo Yong Kang, Han Jun Lee, Young Bong Ko; J Korean Fract Soc 2009;22(2):98-103. Published online April 30, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2009.22.2.98

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to classify posterior malleolar fractures according to the position of fragments and to analyze radiologic features of each type.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We analyzed forty-six patients of ankle fractures involving a posterior malleolus who were treated between January 2004 and December 2007. The posterior malleolar fractures were categorized into three types (posterolateral, posteromedial, shell) based on the major fracture line. In each type, we analyzed amount of displacement, involvement of articular surface, existence of subluxation and osteochondral impacted fragments.
RESULTS
The forty-six patients were categorized into three types: Posterolateral (PL) type (33 cases, 72%), Posteromedial (PM) type (8 cases, 17%), shell type (5 cases, 11%). Of the 8 cases with PM type, 7 cases showed displacement more than Grade II, 4 cases showed subluxation of ankle joint, and 3 cases showed osteochondral impacted fragment. Average involvement of articular surface of PM type is 35% (15~65%).
CONCLUSION
Posterior malleolar fractures with medial extension tended to have adverse effect on ankle stability and Preoperative CT scan is essential for evaluation of fracture type and determination of appropriate surgical approach.

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Treatment of Isolated Posterior Malleolus Fracture in the Ankle
Ji Hoon Kim, Seong Mu Cha, Dae Yeon Jo, Jin Soo Suh
Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association.2014; 49(1): 29. CrossRef

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Radiological Assessment for Distal Fibular Length: Il Hoon Sung, Jong Min Lee; J Korean Soc Fract 2003;16(2):208-214. Published online April 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2003.16.2.208

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was performed to reevaluate the radiological parameters for assessing the length of the distal fibula in the mortise view of the ankle and to introduce a more reliable method to lessen measurement error.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Mortise view radiographs of 36 normal ankles from 18 healthy volunteers were obtained. The talocrural angle and bimalleolar angle were measured two times and compared bilaterally by two independent observers. Also, The lateral malleolar angle, newly devised in our department was measured and compared bilaterally.
RESULTS
The average of the talocrural angle, bimalleolar angle, and lateral malleolar angle was 78.4 degrees (range 74 to 83), 78.3 degrees (range 73 to 86), and 36.7 degrees (range 30 to 41), respectively. The difference of the talocrural angle, bimalleolar angle, and lateral malleolar angle between right and left was 2.1 degrees, 3.0 degrees, and 1.2 degrees (95% confidence limit), respectively. Intraobsever difference of the talocrural angle, bimalleolar angle, and lateral malleolar angle was 1.5 degrees, 1.6 degrees, and 0.4 degrees, respectively. Interobsever difference of the talocrural angle, bimalleolar angle, and lateral malleolar angle was 1.3 degrees, 2.4 degrees, and 1.0 degrees, respectively.
CONCLUSION
When using various measurement methods to judge the length of the distal fibula, the measurement error should be considered. The proposed method, lateral malleolar angle, would be a good method for assessing the length of distal fibula in the mortise view of ankle.

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The Study for the Factors Affecting the Radiological Outcome of the Displaced Ankle Fracture over the Elderly: Hong Gi Park, Lee Hyuk Jung; J Korean Soc Fract 2002;15(4):465-469. Published online October 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2002.15.4.465

Abstract PDF: OBJECT: This study investigated to know the factors affecting the radiological results of the ankle fracture after open reduction and internal fixation over the age 60 years. PATIENTS & METHOD: Open reduction and internal fixation on patient with closed displacement ankle fracture over the age 60 years were studied in 51 cases. Statistical analysis by t-test was used to assess the factors affecting to the post-operation radiological results among the age, sex, classification of fracture, the degree of fracture displacement, bone fragility between anatomical reduction group and non-anatomical reduction group in average 16 months, RESULTS: There are statistical significance(p<0.05) of the sex and bone fragility in post-operation radiological results.
CONCLUSION
The radiological results in old age with ankle fracture is affected by sex and bone fragility in open reduction & internal fixation.

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Radiologic and clinical evaluation about treatment of ankle fracture: Chang Hyuk Choi, Koing Woo Kwon, Shin Kun Kim, Sang Wook Lee, Dong Kyu Shin, Dong Hwan Um; J Korean Soc Fract 2002;15(2):209-215. Published online April 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.2002.15.2.209

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this article is to evaluate the factors affecting clinical result after surgical treatment of ankle fracture. We evaluate the radiologic features of initial, post-operative and last follow up ankle anteroposterior view.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From Feb. 1997 to Jan. 2000, we operated 58 cases of ankle fractures involving bimalleolar and lateral malleolar area. 35 cases which were followed more than one year were enrolled into the study. We evaluated the clinical results according to radiologic features such as lateral displacement, height difference between both malleoli, mortise width, talar tilt and joint space width.
RESULTS
According to Olerud Moland Ankle score, 16 cases(46%) had excellent result and 9 cases(26%) had good result. Radiologically the average initial lateral displacement, height difference, mortise width in the group which had good and excellent results were 1.64mm, 8.85mm, 0.49 and that in the group of fair and poor result were 1.5mm, 10.57mm, 0.48, respectively.(P>0.05) CONCLUSION: The relationship between clinical result and radiologic features in the ankle bimalleolar and lateral malleolar fractures were not proved statistically. However, the tendency of affecting good clinical results which had malleolar height correction was seen.

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New Bone formation in Vascularized Periosteal Flap over the Bone Defect of the Shaft of the Radius in Rabbit. : Early Radiological, Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of Osteogenesis: Jae Kwang Yum, Young Bok Jung, Mi Kyung Kim, Ho Rim Choi, Tae Yeul Yoo, Jung Nam Han; J Korean Soc Fract 1999;12(4):1003-1011. Published online October 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1999.12.4.1003

Abstract PDF: Vascularized periosteal flap(VPF) it thought to enable formation of new bone and promote union in bone defect without risk of complications in donor site. Studiol about the VPF thus far have been centered on the long term result than early change after YPF. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the process of new bone formation in early stage after YPF by radiological, histological, electron microscopical and immunohistochemical studies. In experimental group, segmental resection of bone including the periosteum was performed in fifty-six radii of immature New Zealand white rabbits preserving the periosteal circulation from median artery which is the main source of blood supply to the periosteum. In order to simulate the transplantation of VPF, the vascular pedicle of median artery and veins was dissected from adjacent soft tissue and the periosteum was longitudinally incised to remove the bone tissue in the periosteum. Thereafter the vascularized periosteum was repaired. From the first to fourteenth day after the simulated VPF, the findings in the VPFs were observed by radiological, light microscopical, scanning electron microscopical methods and activity of osteocalcin was measured by immunohistochemical method. In control group, the bone tissue and periosteum were completely removed from the mid-shaft of seven radii, thereafter the radiological findings were observed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16th week and light microscopical findings were observed at 8, 16th week after operation. From the results of this study, it is concluded that YPF is vigorously and uniformly osteogenic in its early stage. It it thought that this study could serve as a basic data for the future experimental studiol about VPF in animals and clinical application.

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Radiologic Evaluation of the Ankle Joint: Comparison of Different criteria & its A vailability of Clinical Practice: Deuk Soo Hwang, Seung Ho Yune, Kwang Jin Rhee, June Kyu Lee, Je Taek Jeong; J Korean Soc Fract 1998;11(4):880-885. Published online October 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1998.11.4.880

Abstract PDF: Generally it is Known that the best clinical results in treatment of injuries of the ankle are obtained by anatomical restoration of the joint. For objective measurements of tibiotalar joint, some investigators ued different criteria and defined the specific reference points under variable angle of internally rotated anteroposterior projection. But, occasionally we didn't acquire the accurate roentgenographic finding that was suggested by investigators. So, we check the variable angle of internal rotation film in addition to angle suggested by investigators and compare the criteria between them. The purpose of this study is to evaluate availability of internally rotated mortise view and its criteria in clinical practice. Following results was acquired. First, there was no significant difference in measuring the medical clear space on depand on variability of rotation angle. Second, the overlapping distance of tibiofibular syndesmosis decreased by increasing internal rotation angle, but was not under 1mm (ie, index of injury). A third, to measure the Weber's 3 criteria, we need to check the variable internal rotation angle, if necessary. Finally, we acquired the normal range of measurement about Tile's 2 criteria by variable internal rotation angle.

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Radiological Findings and Classification of the Acetabular Fractures: Woo Shin Cho; J Korean Soc Fract 1997;10(3):458-464. Published online July 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1997.10.3.458

Abstract PDF: Correct classification based on the accurate radiological evaluation is the keypoint in proper management of the acetabular fracture. Interpretation of the radiologic features of the acetabular fracture requires understanding of the relationship between radiologic landmarks and anatomic structures composing acetabulum. The standard radiographic views include acetabular A-P, iliac oblique and obturator oblique views. CT is mandatory for evaluation and provides more accurate informations, such as size and location of the fragment, joint impaction, intraarticular fragment, comminution, dislocation of the femoral head and sacroiliac joint involvement. Combined interpretation of the standard radiographic views and CT is essential. Tomography and 3-D CT provide additional information. Two representative classification systems of the acetabular fracture are Judet and Leteurnal classification and comprehensive classification of AO. Judet and Letpurnal focused on anatomic two columns and two walls, and devided the acetabular fracture into five elementary and five associated fracture types. The elementary fracture types are basically two part and the associated fractures are combination of at least two elementary types and so, they are three or four part fractures. Comprehensive classification system is based on Judet and Letournal classification and follows skeletal AO classification system. It is apprehensive, logic, universal and easy to computerize. Besides, it shows fracture personality which is important prognostic factors. Type A represnets single wall or column fractures, type B tran,iverse oriented fractures, and type C complete articular fracture, namely floating acetaoulum. The sequence in groups under the type is correlated with the prognosis but not always in types.

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Operative Treatment of Intraarticular Fractures of the Distal Raidus: Jong Keon Oh, Seung Woo Suh, Woo Nam Moon, Sung Joon Hong; J Korean Soc Fract 1996;9(1):1-7. Published online January 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1996.9.1.1

Abstract PDF: The intraarticular fracture of the distal radius is one of the most common fractures in the orthopaedic field and physicians have considered the results of the treatment to be favorable. But recently investigations into the pathomechanics of these injuries highlight the peoblems of arthritis, pain, swelling, weakness, limited ranges of motion and instability associated with nonanatomic reduction of both intraaetocular fragments and their associated ligaments. So the treatment of intraarticular fractures of the distal radius has been altered into more aggressive pattern using the open reduction and internal fixation, open reduction or closed reduction and internal fixation, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. The authors reviewed 37 cases(34 patients)of intraarticular fractures of the distal radius treated using operative methods from February 1989 to May 1994 in the department of orthopaedic surgery, Ansan Hospital, Korea University: We analyzed the correlation between the radiologic parameters(articular conguity, radial height loss, adial angulation, palmar angulation)and the end results.

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