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HOME > J Musculoskelet Trauma > Volume 33(3); 2020 > Article
Review Article Current Concepts of Bone Healing
Dong Hun Suh, Bong Mo Koo, Jong Woo Kang
Journal of Musculoskeletal Trauma 2020;33(3):171-177.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2020.33.3.171
Published online: July 31, 2020
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea

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Abstract

Bone injuries induce an inflammatory response that promotes bone healing. On the other hand, an aberrant process, where inflammation becomes chronic, can inhibit the healing of injured bone. At the first stage of the bone healing process, inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, are assembled and secrete various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. During callus formation, cells differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells, such as osteoblasts and chondrocytes, play leading roles in bone healing. Currently, various treatment modalities have been developed through the known mechanism of bone healing, and the clinical outcomes of bone defect and fracture nonunion have been good.


J Korean Fract Soc. 2020 Jul;33(3):171-177. Korean.
Published online Jul 24, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2020.33.3.171
Copyright © 2020 The Korean Fracture Society. All rights reserved.
Review

Current Concepts of Bone Healing

Dong Hun Suh, M.D., Ph.D., Bong Mo Koo, M.D. and Jong Woo Kang, M.D., Ph.D.
    • Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.
  • Correspondence to: Jong Woo Kang, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan 15355, Korea. Tel: +82-31-412-5040, Fax: +82-31-412-5802, Email: oskang@korea.ac.kr
Received July 09, 2020; Revised July 11, 2020; Accepted July 11, 2020.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Bone injuries induce an inflammatory response that promotes bone healing. On the other hand, an aberrant process, where inflammation becomes chronic, can inhibit the healing of injured bone. At the first stage of the bone healing process, inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, are assembled and secrete various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. During callus formation, cells differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells, such as osteoblasts and chondrocytes, play leading roles in bone healing. Currently, various treatment modalities have been developed through the known mechanism of bone healing, and the clinical outcomes of bone defect and fracture nonunion have been good.

Keywords
Bone healing, Fractures, Inflammation, Tissue engineering

Figures

Fig. 1
Main factors influencing fracture healing. Reused from the article of Loi et al. (Bone, 86: 119–130, 2016)14) with original copyright holder's permission.

Fig. 2
Stages of secondary bone healing and majorly functional cells at each stage. Reused from the article of Loi et al. (Bone, 86: 119–130, 2016)14) with original copyright holder's permission.

Fig. 3
Methods of electrical bone growth stimulation. (A) Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy. (B) Capacitive coupling device. Reused from the article of Goldstein et al. (J Orthop Trauma, 24 Suppl 1: S62–S65, 2010)57) with original copyright holder's permission.

Tables

Table 1
Key Events during Secondary Fracture Healing

Notes

Financial support:None.

Conflict of interests:None.

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    Current Concepts of Bone Healing
    J Korean Fract Soc. 2020;33(3):171-177.   Published online July 31, 2020
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2020.33.3.171
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