PURPOSE To evaluate the conformity of the anatomically pre-shaped LCP-PT to the tibias of the Korean adult and to identify radiological guidelines to assist intraoperative assessment of correct alignment. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 adult femur obtained from the Korean adult cadaver were used. A nine or eleven-hole LCP-DF was applied to the lateral surface of the tibia according to the contour. Then the distance from the inner surface of the plate to the lateral condyle was measured at the sites of mismatch. The angle between the most proximal screw and the articular surface was measured with the image intensifier. RESULTS The LCP-PT showed good conformity to the tibia in general. The distance from the inner surface of the plate to the lateral condyle was 3.5mm in average (range 0~9). The angle between the most proximal locking screw and the joint line was 1.16 degrees in average (range 0~7 degree). CONCLUSION The LCP-PT showed good conformity to the tibia in general. Malposition of the most proximal screw which is not paralleling to the joint line may herald a coronal plane malalignment.
We have treated thirteen complex plateau fractures involving both condyles with one of the following conditions with the use of the combined anterior and posterior approaches in a modified supine position. Associated PCL avulsion fracture, displacement of major fracture plane dominantly at the back, large coronal fracture fragment involving medial or lateral condyles. A patient is placed on an operation table in supine position with a bump under the contralateral buttock. The well leg is placed in a lithotomy position and the injured leg is placed over a sterilized Mayo stand separately. For the posterior approach the table was tilt toward the injured side with the hip abducted and rotated externally. With a modified patient's positioning we were able to use combined anterior and posterior approaches simultaneously for the management of certain complex plateau fractures without changing the draping.
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Current Concepts in Management of Tibia Plateau Fracture Sang Hak Lee, Kang-Il Kim Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2014; 27(3): 245. CrossRef
PURPOSE To report the difficulties in the process of locking head screw removal due to the stripping of the hexagonal recess of the screw head. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have removed 113 5.0-self tapping locking head screws and 202 3.5-self tapping locking head screws from 34 patients with fracture healing and 5 patients complicated with infection. All of the operations were done by one surgeon. All the screws were placed with the use of torque limiting attachment or driver. RESULTS All of 113 5.0-self tapping locking head screws were removed without difficulties with an usual manner. 21 out of 202 3.5-self tapping locking head screws were removed with many difficulties due to the stripping of the hexagonal recess. 3 screws were removed successfully with the use of conical extraction screw. 12 screws were taken out by further stripping and destruction of the screw head. In 6 situations where the only one screw was left stripped, the plate was bent around the stripped screw and then it was removed by turning the plate as a handle. One screw was removed with the partial breakage of the near cortex upon lifting the plate after failed attempt of using conical extraction screw. CONCLUSION Although we have followed the guidelines at the time of insertion we have experienced difficulties in the removal of 3.5 locking head screws due to the stripping of the hexagonal recess. Care should be taken at the time of removal of the locking plate especially for the 3.5 locking screws.
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An inexpensive and rapid method for removal of multiple stripped locking screws following locking plating: A case report Won Ro Park, Jae Hoon Jang International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2019; 57: 134. CrossRef
Factors affecting accurate drill sleeve insertion in locking compression plates J.-J. Kim, J.-W. Kim, H.-S. Yu, H.-S. Lee, H.-K. Oh Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research.2013; 99(7): 823. CrossRef
Pitfalls and Complications in the Application of the Locking Plate Jong-Keon Oh Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2007; 20(4): 355. CrossRef
PURPOSE To evaluate the conformity of the anatomically pre-shaped LCP-DF to the femurs of the Korean adult. MATERIALS AND METHODS 67 adult femur obtained from the Korean adult cadaver were used. An eleven-hole LCP-DF was applied to the lateral surface of the distal femur according to the contour. Then the distance from the inner surface of the plate to the cortex was measured at the sites of mismatch. The angle between the distal most screw and the articular surface was measured. RESULTS Mismatch was found at the level of proximal 4~5 holes of the plate with an average distance of 9.58 mm (0~18) at the tip of the plate. Otherwise, the overall conformity of the LCP-DF was excellent. The distal most screws are positioned such that the joint line is 3 degrees of valgus to this screw in average (range 0~18). CONCLUSION It may be necessary to consider to bend the plate in case of mismatch at the tip especially for the plate longer than 9-hole plate. The angular relation between the distal most screw and the joint line can assist the judgement for the coronal plane alignment.
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Comparison of Results of Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis according to Types of Locking Plate in Distal Femoral Fractures Oog Jin Shon, Moon Soo Kwon, Chul Hyun Park Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2012; 25(4): 269. CrossRef
Repeated Metal Breakage in a Femoral Shaft Fracture with Lateral Bowing - A Case Report - Dong Soo Kim, Yong Min Kim, Eui Sung Choi, Hyun Chul Shon, Kyoung Jin Park, Byung Ki Cho, Ji Kang Park, Hyun Cheol Lee, Kyung Ho Hong Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2012; 25(2): 136. CrossRef
Axial Malalignment after Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis in Distal Femur Fractures with Metaphyseal Comminution Jae-Ho Jang, Gu-Hee Jung, Jae-Do Kim, Cheung-Kue Kim Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association.2011; 46(4): 326. CrossRef
Treatment of Distal Femoral Fractures Using Polyaxial Locking Plate Sang-Eun Park, Hyun-Taek Kang, Young-Yul Kim, Jae-Jung Jeong, Jung-U Lee, Weon-Yoo Kim Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2011; 24(4): 321. CrossRef
Pitfalls and Complications in the Application of the Locking Plate Jong-Keon Oh Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2007; 20(4): 355. CrossRef
PURPOSE To report the results of unreamed nailing using a nail with the largest possible diameter for the management of the open tibial shaft fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen patients with open tibial shaft fractures underwent unreamed nailing with the largest possible diameter according to the isthmic diameter measured on preoperative radiography. There were 1 Grade I, 6 Grade II, 9 Grade IIIa, 3 Grade IIIb open fractures. There were 4 type A, 12 type B, 3 type C fractures according to the OTA classification. Fractures were classified as The nail was introduced after gentle passage of a 7 to 8 millimeter-hand reamer. RESULTS Union was obtained in all cases. However 9 (47%) fractures required an additional procedures before union. In 6 cases, dynamization was done. Two of them were required exchange nailing for nonunion, 1 of two gained bony union through additional bone graft. Three of the others had gained union through exchange nailing, bone graft, bone transport respectively. There were one rotational malunion, one superfical and one deep infection. Interlocking screw breakage developed only in one patient. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that unreamed nailing in the management of open tibial fractures is safe and reliable method. Using a tight fitting nail with the largest possible diameter is a safe and effective way to avoid the problems of screw breakage.
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Treatment of Type IIIb Open Tibial Fractures Seong Yeon Lim, Il Jae Lee, Jae Ho Joe, Hyung Keun Song Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2014; 27(4): 267. CrossRef
Management of Open Tibial Fractures: Role of Internal Fixation Yerl-Bo Sung Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2007; 20(4): 349. CrossRef
PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between fracture stability and functional results, and analyze the correlation between stability factors and the outcome in intertrochanteric fractures of the elderly. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of the 231 patients, 84 patients with age above 60 were able to follow up for minimum 6 months. We measured the sliding length of the lag screw, varus degree, position of lag screw, reduction status and medialization of distal fragment radiologically. The functional outcome of the treatment was evaluated with the Clawson's result classification and we evaluated the correlation between the radiological results of measurement and the functional recovery depending on the Evans fracture classification. RESULTS There were good results in 40 cases out of 51 stable fractures, and in 10 cases out of 33 unstable fractures (p<0.001). In case of sliding of lag screw more than 10 mm, good results were obtained in 4 cases, and poor in 21. And in case of sliding less than 10 mm, good results were obtained in 46, and poor in 13 (p<0.001). But there was no relationship between other radiologic factors and clinical results. In unstable type, there were 12 cases with lag screw sliding more than 10 mm and 10 cases with less than 10 mm. In comminuted type, there were 11 cases with lag screw sliding more than 10 mm and 2 cases with less than 10 mm (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The sliding of lag screw more than 10 mm may result in poor outcome. As in comminuted unstable pattern, sliding of lag screw might be excessive, the use of compression hip screw alone is not a good treatment option.
PURPOSE To evaluate the correlation of the safe zone of percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation with sacral dysmorphism and sacral alar slope variation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the plain radiographs and the pelvic bone CT images of 52 patients. We reviewed each cases in terms of Routt 's dysmorphism and sacral alar slope variation(anterior, coplanar and posterior to inter-ICD line). We divided each cases into narrow and wide groups by the width of safe zone for the transverse 6.5mm cannulated cancellous screw. The data were analysed by McNemar x2-test and Cochran Q-test(p<0.05). RESULTS Typical sacral dysmorphism was found in five cases(9%). Four cases with dysmorphism(80%) and eighteen non-dysmorphic cases(38.2%) revealed narrow safe zones. The sacral slopes were anterior in 16 cases, coplanar in 25 cases, and posterior in 11 cases. The safe zone was significantly narrow in the group with anterior slope variation. CONCLUSION We could not found definite correlation between sacral dysmorphism and a narrow safe zone because the incidence of dysmorphism was too low in our study which differed from Routt 's report. An anterior sacral alar slope on CT can be a significant risk indicator for potential narrow safe zone and the risk of screw malposition.
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Measurement of Optimal Insertion Angle for Iliosacral Screw Fixation Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Scans Jung-Jae Kim, Chul-Young Jung, Jonathan G. Eastman, Hyoung-Keun Oh Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery.2016; 8(2): 133. CrossRef
Operative Treatment of Unstable Pelvic Ring Injury Sang Hong Lee, Sang Ho Ha, Young Kwan Lee, Sung Won Cho, Sang Soo Park Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2012; 25(4): 243. CrossRef
Upper Sacral Morphology Related to Iliosacral Screw Fixation in Korean Jung-Jae Kim, Chul-Young Jung, Hyoung-Keun Oh, Byoung-Se Yang, Jae-Suck Chang Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2007; 20(2): 115. CrossRef
The principle in the treatment of an elderly patient with an intertrochanteric fracture has swung from traction to internal fixation due to complication such as pneumonia, skin ulcer, and thromboernbolic disease, etc.
Many surgeons have used sliding compression screw for trochanteric fracture fixation which was regarded as a most effective device to manage the fracture. but, they have reported several risk factors to cause fixation failure such as screw impaction or loosening, because of osteoporosis, large defect on posteromedial aspect of neck, eccentric fixation of lag screw. The aim of the present investigation was to study the relationships between the type of fracture, the trabecular bone grading of proximal femur, reduction status, the implant position and the extent of impaction or loosening of the comression screw. We studied 47 elderly patients(age>60) who were managed using of compression hip screw as operative management and followed more than 6 months after operative treatment at Department of orthopaedic surgery, Ewha womens university Mokdong hospital from 1994 to 1998.
The results were as follows 1. Screw impaction or loosening was developed in 7 cases of 47 cases after internal fixation.
2. Of 7 cases, 2 cases were stable fracture(modified Evans type I, II) and 5 cases unstable (modified Evans type III, IV, V).
3. Of 7 cases, 3 cases were high trabecula grade(grade VI, V, IV), 4 cases were low trabecula grade(grade I, II, III).
4. No siginificant diffierence of impaction or loosening development was in screw position.
5. Of 7 cases, 2 cases were anatomical reduction and 5 cases medial reduction.
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Treatment of Senile Osteoporotic Intertrochanteric Fracture using Proximal Femoral Nail Dong-Hui Kim, Sang-Hong Lee, Young-Lae Moon, Jun-Young Lee, Kun-Sang Song Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2007; 20(3): 215. CrossRef
Intraarticular fractures of the distal part of the radius comprise a distinct subgroup of fractures that are difficult to manage and are associated with a high frequency of complication and represent one of the greatest challenges to the orthopaedic surgeon. We reviewed 30 cases(28 patients) of intraarticular fractures of the distal radius treated surgically in orthopaedic department of Ewha medical center between January 1993 to May 1996 and analyzed the correlation between the clinical end results and radiographic parameters. The clinical end results were significantly worse when radia inclination didn't exceed 15, or radial length was less than 10mm or dorsal tilt exceeded 0. Ulna styloid fractre did adversely affect the clinical results. In our study 2mm articular step off did not show any difference in clinical results. But this is thought to be the result of relatively short period of follow up. Therefore we need to analyse this factor with long term follow up data.
We present two cases of ankle arthrodesis in which tibiotalar fixation was achieved by two cancellous-bone screws across the ankle joint and a lateral fibular strut graft fixed with a proximal and a distal screw. This operation is a technique described by Thordarson and his associates, who performed only an in vitro biomechanical study using fresh-frozen cadaver. Through the recent clinical trial, we could get excellent results in both of our cases. We feel the fibular strut graft provides additional stability to tibiotalar internal fixation. This technique may have a special value for those cases with poor bone quality or osteoporosis.
Displaced intracapsular fracture of the hip remains a formidable problem in orthopaedic management despite advances in surgical technique and hardware. Advances in internal fixation have lowered the morbidity from prolonged bed rest and shortened the time of mobilization , however, the incidence of nonunion End avascular necrosis remains high. As a result, prosthetic replacement has been advocated as a solution to this problem. But, sepsis, dislocation and late loosening remain real concoern.
So we reviewed the follow-up(range, twelve to sixty months) results of forty bipolar hemiarthroplasty for the displaced femoral neck fracture in elderly patients.
The average age of the patients was seventy-four and the common cause of injury was slipped down. In the type of fracture, anatomically subcapital(21), Garden stage IV(19), and Pauwel typeII (21) was the most common. The associated medical conditions were chronic lung disease(10), chronic heart disease(8), diabetes mellitus(7), chronic liver disease(5). Two patients died of hepatoma and liver cirrhosis during the follow-up periods.
The results were followed; 1. The most common used prosthesis was Centralign and cement was used in 32 cases.
2. Above 80% wereexcellent or goodin Luncefords criteria and Harris hip score.
3. The complications were transient peroneal nerve palsy(2), intractable thigh pain(2), deep wound infection(1), proximal femoral fracture(1).
In conclusion, bipolar hemiarthroplasty seems to be a good alternative to the internal fixation in elderly patients with a displaced femoral neck fracture.
We analyzed 41 femoral neck fractures in 40 elderly patients aged over 65 years. All of them were treated by surgery and followed for average 22 months (range, 14 to 52 months) at the Ewha Womans University Hospital from 1988 to 1992. Of these, 15 cases were treated with internal fixation and 26 cases with endoprosthetic or total hip replacement arthroplasty For the level of fractures the most common features were subcapital, that were moderately to severely (Gardens stage III or IV) displaced. In the internal fuation group the results were unsatisfactory in the cases of subcapital type, moderate to severe (Gardens stage III or IV) displacement, Pauwels type III and those with osteoporosis (below stage III in Singh index). Our short term follow-up results showed that the prosthetic replacement group were generally superior in that they were not affected by the types of fractures and the degree of osteoporosis.
With the age of our population advancing, the number of elderly osteoporotic patients with comminuted intertrochanteric fractures of the femur has increased dramatically. Intertrochanteric fractures of the femur usually occur in a more elderly age group than femoral neck fractures of the femur usually occur in a more elderly age group than femoral neck fractures. Intertrochanteric fractures are best treated by intenal fixation, since this mehod provides satisfactory positioning of the fragments and obviates the hazards of recumbency. However, in some caces with severe osteoporosis, arthroplasty is an excellent altemative to the internal fixation.
From 1987 to 1992, thirty-six intertrochanteric fractures of femur in the elderly patients(over 60 years of age) were treated by operation at the department of orthopaedic surgery in the Ewha Womans University Hospital. Thirty-three caces were internally fixated with the sliding-compression hip screws-plates(30), the Gamma interlocking intramedullary nails(2), the Rohs plate(1), and in three caces endoprosthetic or total hip replacement arthroplaties were performed.
The clavicle plays very important role in the motion of the shoulder girdle and maintenance of power and stability of the arm. The most clavicular shaft fractures can be treated by conservative methcds with a high rate of union and low rate of complications. The operative treatment in clavicular fracture is limited in such as wide separation of the fragments with soft tissue interposition, nonunion, or neurovascular involvements. From 1989 to 1991, eighty six consecutive patients with clavicular shaft fractures were treated at Ewha Womans University Hospital. Fifty eight patients were treated conservatively(Group I) and twenty eight patients operatively(Group II) Authors compared both groups and obtained the following results; 1. The most common cause of injuries was the traffic accident and the most common associated skeletal injury around the shoulder was the rib fracture.
2. The degree of comminution and displacement of the clavicular shaft fracture were more severe in Group II.
3. The average time to union was 8.7 weeks in Group I and 10.3 weeks in Group II.
4. The average rate of union at 4 months was 93.1% in Group I and 96.4% in Group II 5. The functional result was good or excellent in over 90% in both Groups according to the Kangs criteria.
6. The rate of complication was 8.0% in Group I (one nonunion, three delayed unions and one malunlon) and 3.6% in Group II(only one case of nonunion) 7. The immobilization period was between 6 to 8 weeks In Group I and within 4 weeks in Group II in most cases.
A Retrospective Comparative Study of Internal Fixation with Reconstruction Plate Versus Anatomical Locking Compression Plate in Displaced Intercondylar Fractures of Humerus Tong-Joo Lee, Young-Tae Kim, Dae-Gyu Kwon, Ju-Yong Park Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2014; 27(4): 294. CrossRef
Operative Treatment of Displaced Intercondylar Fracture of the Distal Humerus with Reconstruction Plate Ryuh Sup Kim, Tong Joo Lee, Kyoung Ho Moon, Seung Rim Park, Moon Lee Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2007; 20(2): 172. CrossRef
The management of extra-articular proximal tibial fracture remains controversy. Many reporters recognized that the proximal tibial facture are best treated by closed reduction and long leg cast, however delayed union with this method have frequently been documented in spite of anatomical characteristics of proximal tibia. Thirty patients of the fracture of extra-articular Froximal tibia were treated and managed at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ewha University Hospital from January, 1583 to December 1989.
The following results were obtained: 1. According to Gerard classification, anterior long oblique & posterior long oblique fracture were 18 cases(60%) and 8 cases(27%) respectively. Delayed union developed in 9 cases(50%) of 18 cases anterior long oblique fracture and 2 cases(25%) of 8 cases posterior long oblique fracture.
2. All cases of deleyed union of tibia developed through or below the tuberosity.
3. Among 30 cases, the fractures were managed with closed method at 23 cases, open method at 7 cases, internal fixation at 12 cases without delayed union and external fixator at 10 cases. The all cases using external fixator resulted in delayed union.
4. Among 30 cases, 16 cases(53%) were open fracture, and the most common type was type IIIb. Delayed union developed in 8 cases(50%) of 9 cases(56%) type IIIb.
5. The 24 cases (80%) of fibular fracture were concurred with proximal tibial fracture, and delayed union developed in 10 cases (42% ) of 24 cases fibular fracture and one case of 6. cases without fibular fracture.
In conclusion, many delayed unions were frequent. In our experience, in case of GradeIII open comminuted fractures, we used external fixation methods mostly, so delayed unions were developed. But after management of soft tissue injury, healing time were short with bone graft as soon as possible, We consider that in cases in which internal fixation was possible according to soft tissue injury, delated unions are prevented by internal fixation using plate and screws or retrograde flexible nails.
The fracture of distal third of femoral shaft difficult to choose method of treatment and timing of wt. bearing because of increrment of communited fracture, anatomic characteristics and complication such as metal faulure, shortening and angulation. After analysis of 52 cases of fracture of distal third femoral shaft treated operatively in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ewha Womans University Hospital during 5.5yrs from. Jan. 1984 to June 1989 except pathologic fracture, the following results were obtained.
1. By Reis and Hirschberg classification, type I, II and III fracture wore seen in 16 patients (31%), 12 patients(23%) and 24 patients(46%) respectively.
2. The rate of complication was 29%(15 cases) with 46%(7 cases) of the complication related to the nature of the implant.
3. Among the 7 cases of metal faulure, four cases was caused by early wt. bearing and uncarefulness of patients in type III fracture.
Most proximal humeral fractures respond satisfactory to simple conservative treatment. It is only the occasional displaced fracture or fracture-dislocation that demands special treatment and judgment.
We analyzed the 32 cases of proximal humeral fractures treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Ewah University Hospital during the period from January, 1984 to December, 1987.
The result was as follows; 1. The age distribution was even but there was some prevalance at 7th decades of female.
2. The most common cause of fractures was traffic accident.
3. According to the Neers classification, group I was in 15 cases(46.9%) and group II was in 11 cases(34.4%) 4. According to the Neers criteria for evaluation of the result was satisfactory in cases of conservative treatment. In cases of group III fractures treated with open reduction, the result after 6 months from injury was worse due to the prolonged preperative immobiliz aton but after one year, all were satisfactory.
5. the complication was nonunion in 1 case, malunion in 1 case and joint stiffness in 3 cases.
Closed intramedullary nailing with or without interlocking screws has been a widely accepted method for the fixation of fracture of the femora shaft. Certain complex fractures in which now are commonly treated by dynamic or static locking of the nail by using screws. Interlocking nail introduces the potential for high concentration of stress at both its proximal and its distal end.
This paper describes a patient who had at fatigue fracture of the distal part of interlocking nail in the treament of fracture of the femoral shaft.