Journal of Musculoskeletal Trauma

Biomechanics of the Wrist: Young Ho Shin, Young Ho Lee; J Korean Fract Soc 2016;29(1):93-100. Published online January 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2016.29.1.93

The wrist joint is a complicated structure composed of many bones and ligaments. Therefore, understanding the anatomy and the biomechanics of the wrist is important in order to administer proper treatment for patients. To easily understand the complicated structure, there were many trials to unite the complicated structure with a simple group such as the carpal row concept and the carpal column concept. Movement and load transfer along the wrist joint occurs with balanced action between carpal bones. To evaluate this static equilibrium, measuring tools such as carpal height ratio are used. When wrist flexion/extension occurs, each carpal row moves synchronously with action of the scaphoid. In contrast with flexion/extension, when wrist radial deviation/ulnar deviation occurs, the proximal carpal row moves in the sagittal plane, instead of the coronal plane. Recently, the dart throwing motion which occurred from the position of dorsiflexion with radial deviation to volar flexion with ulnar deviation is considered the main movement of the wrist joint.

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Association between carpal height ratio and ulnar variance in normal wrist radiography
Anas AR Altamimi, Monther A. Gharaibeh, Muntaser Abu Shokor, Moh’d S. Dawod, Mohammad N. Alswerki, Omar M. Al-Odat, Raghda H. Elkhaldi
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Reliability and concurrent validity of a new iPhone® goniometric application for measuring active wrist range of motion: a cross‐sectional study in asymptomatic subjects
Mohammad Reza Pourahmadi, Ismail Ebrahimi Takamjani, Javad Sarrafzadeh, Mehrdad Bahramian, Mohammad Ali Mohseni‐Bandpei, Fatemeh Rajabzadeh, Morteza Taghipour
Journal of Anatomy.2017; 230(3): 484. CrossRef

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A Biomechanical Advantage of the Lengthening with an External Fixator Over an Intramedullary Nail: An Experimental Study in Saw Bones and Cadeveric Bones: Chang Wug Oh, Poong Taek Kim, Hae Ryong Song, Jong Keon Oh, Hyung Soo Ahn, Byung Chul Park, Byung Guk Min, Sung Ki Park, Young Heon Sohn; J Korean Fract Soc 2005;18(3):335-340. Published online July 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2005.18.3.335

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To know biomechanical differences in methods of limb lengthening between using monolateral external fixator and using external fixator over an intramedullary nail.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In acryl rods, saw-bone, and cadeveric bone, we created two lengthening models of using monolateral external fixator and using external fixator over an intramedullary nail. The axial compression test was done on the site of osteotomy for lengthening. To fix the models, half pins of 5 mm in diameter and nails of 9 mm in diameter were used. Using MTS (Material Test System) machine, we evaluated the differences of axial stiffness according to the presence of an intramedullary nail or the numbers of half-pins which were fixed at each side of osteotomy.
RESULTS
Lengthening over an intramedullary nail, comparing to monolateral external fixator only, increased the axial stiffness by 1.1~1.2 times in acryl rods, 1.2~1.6 times in saw bones, and 15.6~15.9 times in cadeveric bones when the same numbers of half-pins were used. In saw bone and cadaveric bone, the group of two half pins in lengthening over an intramedullary nail was stiffer than the group of three pins in lengthening with monolateral external fixator.
CONCLUSION
In the distraction of the limb, the addition of an intramedullary nail may increase the axial stiffness of the frame of monolateral external fixator. In lengthening over an intramedullary nail, it is enough to distract the bone with fixing two half pins at each sides of osteotomy.

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Biomechanical Evaluation on Hooks Pattern of the Posterior Constructs in an Unstable Burst Fracture Model: Jae Won You, Tae Hong Lim; J Korean Soc Fract 1998;11(2):337-344. Published online April 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1998.11.2.337

Abstract PDF: We prefer the posterior instrumentation system for the surgical treatment of the unstable burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine. We are usually using a hooks pattern with posterior instrumentation, when we can not use a pedicle screw instrumentation in the case of an one stage operation of anterior decompression and posterior stabilization or injury of osteoporotic spine. The purpose of this study was designed to compare biomechanical flexibilities of posterior instrumentation constructs provided by hooks pattern in an unstable calf spine model. Ten fresh frozen calf spines (T10-L4) were used for this study with an anterior and middle column defect and loaded with pure unconstrained moments in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending directions. Testing was performed on intact specimens first and then each specimens after laminar hooks insertion and ISOLA posterior implants and any kind of graft materials or transfixation devices were not used to make the worst possible case of instability of an injured spine. Three different fixation methods were instrumented. These included: (1) 2 hooks 2 levels above and 2 levels below corpectomy site in distraction modes bilaterally, (2) 2 levels above and 2 levels below hooks with one rod in distraction and the another rod in compression modes, (3) 2 levels above and 2 levels below hooks with claw hook configuration bilaterally. The results were as follows; 1. At the level of corpectomy site, the group I significantly reduced the motion in flexion and lateral bending (p<0.001), but not in extension as compared to the intact specimen. The group I provided significantly less stabilization than other fixation methods in all motions (p<0.01). The group II and III significantly reduced the motions in flexion, extension, and lateral bending as compared to the intact specimen (p<0.001). Axial rotational motions of all fixation constructs were significantly larger than the intact specimens (p<0.001), and the group I showed greater axial rotational motion than the groups II and III (p<0.001). 2. At the level below corpectomy site, all fixation methods showed the reduced motion significantly in all loading modes and the stabilization was similar with each other. 3. At the level above corpectomy site, all tested fixation methods did not improve the axial rotational stability beyond the intact case, but reduced flexion, extension, and lateral bending motions significantly(p<0.001). In conclusion, the hooks pattern construct in distraction modes is least stable at the corpectomy and above corpectomy sites. It was showed similar stabilizing effect between the claw and compression-distraction configuration. when using hooks, the hooks should be placed in either the claw or compression-distraction configuration.

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The role of lateral malleolus in normal growth and biomechanics of ankle clinical long term study in growing children: In Rhee Kim, Yong Sik Kim, Soon Yong Kwon, Kee Won Ryu, Seong Jin Park, Ko Seung; J Korean Soc Fract 1992;5(1):138-149. Published online May 31, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12671/jksf.1992.5.1.138

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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